Challenges of Implementing Disaster Risk Reduction Activities by Local Governments: A Case Study of Shankharapur Municipality in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Abstract

The promulgation of Nepal's new constitution in 2015 has given mandatory responsibilities to the local governments (municipalities) to deal with all kinds of disasters within the municipalities. The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (2017) has clearly highlighted their roles and responsibilities. Since this is a new provision, the stakeholders are concerned if the municipalities can handle such an important task. Considering this concern into account, the main objectives of this research are to identify the major challenges that the municipalities are facing and to identify the policy recommendations to overcome them.  A case study was conducted in Shankharapur Municipality in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The methodology adopted was desk study, field study and opinion collection from the residents and stakeholders. Investigation results indicate that the local government's approach is still reactive, lack sufficient technical human resources, and the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) activities are not prioritized in their planning and budgeting. Consequently, new disasters are increasing and the local community is not happy with the initiatives undertaken by the municipality.  To overcome these constraints, several recommendations are made including hiring DRR related personnel by the municipality on a permanent basis and developing a DRR plan with its implementation modalities.